23
July
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July 23 in History
2005
Three bombs explode in the Naama Bay area of Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, killing 88 people.
1999
ANA Flight 61 is hijacked in Tokyo, Japan.
Crown Prince Mohammed Ben Al-Hassan is crowned King Mohammed VI of Morocco on the death of his father.
1997
Digital Equipment Company files antitrust charges against chipmaker Intel.
1995
Comet Hale-Bopp is discovered; it will become visible to the naked eye nearly a year later.
1992
Abkhazia declares independence from Georgia.
A Vatican commission, led by Joseph Ratzinger, establishes that it is necessary to limit rights of homosexual people and non-married couples.
1988
General Ne Win, effective ruler of Burma since 1962, resigns after pro-democracy protests.
1986
In London, Prince Andrew, Duke of York marries Sarah Ferguson at Westminster Abbey.
1984
Vanessa Williams becomes the first Miss America to resign when she surrenders her crown after nude photos of her appeared in ''Penthouse'' magazine.
1983
Gimli Glider: Air Canada Flight 143 runs out of fuel and makes a deadstick landing at Gimli, Manitoba.
The Sri Lankan Civil War begins with the killing of 13 Sri Lanka Army soldiers by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam Terrorist group. In the subsequent riots of Black July, about 1,000 Tamils are slaughtered, some 400,000 Tamils flee to neighbouring Tamil Nadu, India and many find refuge in Europe and Canada.
1982
The International Whaling Commission decides to end commercial whaling by 1985-86.
1972
The United States launch ''Landsat 1'', the first Earth-resources satellite.
1970
Qaboos ibn Sa’id becomes Sultan of Oman after overthrowing his father, Sa’id ibn Taimur initiating massive reforms ;modernisation programs and end to a decade long civil war.
1968
The only successful hijacking of an El Al aircraft takes place when a Boeing 707 carrying 10 crew and 38 passengers is taken over by three members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine. The aircraft was en route from Rome, Italy, to Lod, Israel.
Glenville Shootout: in Cleveland, Ohio, a violent shootout between a Black Militant organization led by Ahmed Evans and the Cleveland Police Department occurs. During the shootout, a riot begins and lasts for five days.
1967
12th Street Riot: in Detroit, Michigan, one of the worst riots in United States history begins on 12th Street in the predominantly African American inner city. It will leave 43 killed, 342 injured and 1,400 buildings burned.
1962
Telstar relays the first publicly transmitted, live trans-Atlantic television program, featuring Walter Cronkite.
The International Agreement on the Neutrality of Laos is signed.
1961
The Sandinista National Liberation Front is founded in Nicaragua.
1956
The Loi Cadre is passed by the French Republic in order to order French overseas territory affairs.
1952
General Muhammad Naguib leads the Free Officers Movement (formed by Gamal Abdel Nasser, the real power behind the coup) in overthrowing King Farouk of Egypt.
The European Coal and Steel community is established.
1945
The post-war legal processes against Philippe Pétain begin.
1942
World War II: Operation Edelweiss begins.
The Holocaust: the Treblinka extermination camp is opened.
1940
The United States' Under Secretary of State Sumner Welles issues a declaration on the U.S. non-recognition policy of the Soviet annexation and incorporation of three Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
1936
In Catalonia, Spain, the Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia is founded through the merger of Socialist and Communist parties.
1929
The Fascist government in Italy bans the use of foreign words.
1926
Fox Film buys the patents of the Movietone sound system for recording sound onto film.
1914
Austria-Hungary issues an ultimatum to Serbia demanding Serbia to allow the Austrians to determine who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Serbia will reject those demands and Austria will declare war on July 28.
1903
The Ford Motor Company sells its first car.
1881
The Boundary treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina is signed in Buenos Aires.
The Federation Internationale de Gymnastique, the world's oldest international sport federation, is founded.
1874
Aires de Ornelas e Vasconcelos is appointed the Archbishop of the Portuguese colonial enclave of Goa.
1862
American Civil War: Henry W. Halleck takes command of the Union Army.
1840
The Province of Canada is created by the Act of Union.
1833
Cornerstones are laid for the construction of the Kirtland Temple in Kirtland, Ohio.
1829
In the United States, William Austin Burt patents the typographer, a precursor to the typewriter.
1793
Prussia re-conquers Mainz from France.
1632
Three hundred colonists bound for New France depart from Dieppe, France.