Pratibha Patil is sworn in as India's first woman president.

Air France Flight 4590, a Concorde supersonic passenger jet, F-BTSC, crashes just after takeoff from Paris killing all 109 aboard and 4 on the ground.

In a military coup in Burundi, Pierre Buyoya deposes Sylvestre Ntibantunganya.

A gas bottle explodes in ''Saint Michel'' station of line B of the RER (Paris regional train network). Eight are killed and 80 wounded.

Israel and Jordan sign the Washington Declaration, which formally ends the state of war that had existed between the nations since 1948.

The Saint James Church massacre occurs in Kenilworth, Cape Town, South Africa.

Israel launches a massive attack against terrorist forces in Lebanon in what the Israelis call Operation Accountability, and the Lebanese call Seven-Day War.

Salyut 7 cosmonaut Svetlana Savitskaya becomes the first woman to perform a space walk.

Black July: 37 Tamil political prisoners at the Welikada high security prison in Colombo are massacred by the fellow Sinhalese prisoners.

Another section of the Sinai Peninsula is peacefully returned by Israel to Egypt.

Louise Brown, the world's first "test tube baby" is born.

The Cerro Maravilla incident occurs.

Soviet Mars 5 space probe launched.

Vietnam War: U.S. President Richard Nixon declares the Nixon Doctrine, stating that the United States now expects its Asian allies to take care of their own military defense. This is the start of the "Vietnamization" of the war.

Bob Dylan goes electric as he plugs in at the Newport Folk Festival, signaling a major change in folk and rock music.

In a speech John F. Kennedy emphasizes that any attack on Berlin is an attack on NATO.

SR-N1 hovercraft crosses the English Channel from Calais to Dover in just over 2 hours.

The African Regroupment Party (PRA) holds its first congress in Cotonou.

The Republic of Tunisia is proclaimed.

45 miles south of Nantucket Island, the Italian ocean liner SS ''Andrea Doria'' collides with the MS ''Stockholm'' in heavy fog and sinks the next day, killing 51.

The U.S. non-incorporated colonial territory of Puerto Rico adopts a "constitution" of local-limited powers, approved by the United States Congress in contravention of then-current international law.

The Australian cricket team sets a world record for the highest successful run-chase in Test cricket history in the Fourth Test against England.

At Club 500 in Atlantic City, New Jersey, Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis stage their first show as a comedy team.

Operation Crossroads: an atomic bomb is detonated underwater in the lagoon of Bikini atoll.

World War II: Operation Spring

World War II: Benito Mussolini is forced out of office by his own Italian Grand Council and is replaced by Pietro Badoglio.

Norwegian Manifesto calls for nonviolent resistance to the Nazis.

General Guisan orders the Swiss Army to resist German invasion and makes surrender illegal.

The Nazis assassinate Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss in a failed coup attempt.

Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS) is established.

Telecommunications: the first transatlantic two-way radio broadcast takes place.

France captures Damascus.

Sir Thomas Whyte introduces the first income tax in Canada as a "temporary" measure (lowest bracket is 4% and highest is 25%).

RFC Captain Lanoe Hawker becomes the first British military aviator to earn the Victoria Cross, for defeating three German two-seat observation aircraft in one day, over the Western Front.

Louis Blériot makes the first flight across the English Channel in a heavier-than-air machine from (Calais to Dover) in 37 minutes.

Ajinomoto is founded. Kikunae Ikeda of the Tokyo Imperial University discovers that a key ingredient in Konbu soup stock is monosodium glutamate (MSG), and patents a process for manufacturing it.

Korea becomes a protectorate of Japan.

The United States invasion of Puerto Rico begins with U.S. troops led by General Nelson Miles landing at harbor of Guánica, Puerto Rico (The land invasion, proper, began that day: Sea-based bombardment and shelling of the capital city of San Juan had been occurring since May 1898).

The First Sino-Japanese War begins when the Japanese fire upon a Chinese warship.

The Japanese daimyō begin returning their land holdings to the emperor as part of the Meiji Restoration reforms. (Traditional Japanese Date: June 17, 1869).

Wyoming becomes a United States territory.

The United States Congress passes legislation authorizing the five-star rank of General of the Army. Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant becomes the first to be promoted to this rank.

American Civil War: The United States Congress passes the Crittenden-Johnson Resolution, stating that the war is being fought to preserve the Union and not to end slavery.

Joaquin Murietta, the famous Californio bandit known as "Robin Hood of El Dorado", is killed.

The first commercial use of an electric telegraph is successfully demonstrated by William Cooke and Charles Wheatstone on 25 July 1837 between Euston and Camden Town in London.

Costa Rica annexes Guanacaste from Nicaragua.

War of 1812: Battle of Lundy's Lane

At Aboukir in Egypt, Napoleon I of France defeats 10,000 Ottomans under Mustafa Pasha.

Horatio Nelson loses more than 300 men and his right arm during the failed conquest attempt of Tenerife (Spain).

The first stone of the Pontcysyllte Aqueduct is laid.

The Brunswick Manifesto is issued to the population of Paris promising vengeance if the French Royal Family is harmed.

Wolfgang Mozart completes his Symphony No. 40 in G minor (K550).

French and Indian War: in Western New York, British forces capture Fort Niagara from the French, who subsequently abandon Fort Rouillé.

Seven Years' War: the island battery at Fortress Louisbourg in Nova Scotia is silenced and all French warships are destroyed or taken.

British governor Charles Lawrence and the Nova Scotia Council order the deportation of the Acadians. Thousands of Acadians are sent to the British Colonies in America, France and England. Some later move to Louisiana, while others resettle in New Brunswick.

Dummer's War begins along the Maine-Massachusetts border.

Ignacio de Maya founds the Real Santiago de las Sabinas, now known as Sabinas Hidalgo, Nuevo León, México.

James VI of Scotland is crowned as king of England (James I of England), bringing the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Scotland into personal union. Political union would occur in 1707.

Henry IV of France publicly converts from Protestantism to Roman Catholicism.

Don Diego de Losada founds the city of Santiago de Leon de Caracas, modern-day Caracas, the capital city of Venezuela.

Henry II of France is crowned.

The city of Guayaquil is founded by the Spanish Conquistador Francisco de Orellana and given the name Muy Noble y Muy Leal Ciudad de Santiago de Guayaquil.

Sebastián de Belalcázar on his search of El Dorado founds the city of Santiago de Cali.

The city of Constantinople is recaptured by Nicaean forces under the command of Alexios Strategopoulos, re-establishing the Byzantine Empire.

Battle of Ourique: The independence of Portugal from the Kingdom of León declared after the Almoravids, led by Ali ibn Yusuf, are defeated by Prince Afonso Henriques.

The Edict of Pistres of Charles the Bald orders defensive measures against the Vikings.

Constantine I is proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops.

Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler.