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Turkey
Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
Timeline of Events
526
5.31.526
A devastating earthquake strikes Antioch, Turkey, killing 250,000.
1509
2.2.1509
The Battle of Diu takes place near Diu, India, between Portugal and Turkey.
1565
9.8.1565
The Knights of Malta lift the Turkish siege of Malta that began on May 18.
1826
12.1.1826
French philhellene Charles Nicolas Fabvier forces his way through the Turkish cordon and ascends the Acropolis of Athens, which had been under siege.
1831
3.29.1831
Great Bosnian uprising: Bosniak rebel against Turkey.
1853
11.30.1853
Crimean War: Battle of Sinop — The Imperial Russian Navy under Pavel Nakhimov destroys the Ottoman fleet under Osman Pasha at Sinop, a sea port in northern Turkey.
1863
9.16.1863
Robert College of Istanbul-Turkey, the first American educational institution outside the United States, is founded by Christopher Robert, an American philanthropist.
1878
2.2.1878
Greece declares war on Turkey.
1903
8.2.1903
Fall of the Ottoman Empire: an unsuccessful uprising led by the Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization against Ottoman Turkey, also known as the Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising, takes place.
1911
10.23.1911
First use of aircraft in war: An Italian pilot takes off from Libya to observe Turkish army lines during the Turco-Italian War.
1912
3.5.1912
Italian forces are the first to use airships for military purposes, employing them for reconnaissance behind Turkish lines.
10.8.1912
First Balkan War begins: Montenegro declares war against Turkey.
12.3.1912
Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro, and Serbia (the Balkan League) sign an armistice with Turkey, ending the two-month long First Balkan War.
1913
12.1.1913
Crete, having obtained self rule from Turkey after the First Balkan War, is annexed by Greece.
1919
9.4.1919
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, who founded the Republic of Turkey, gathers a congress in Sivas to make decisions as to the future of Anatolia and Thrace.
1920
4.23.1920
The national council in Turkey denounces the government of Sultan Mehmed VI and announces a temporary constitution.
1921
1.3.1921
Turkey makes peace with Armenia.
1922
8.29.1922
Turkish forces set fire to Smyrna in Asia Minor.
9.7.1922
In Aydin, Turkey, independence of Aydin, from Greek occupation.
1923
7.24.1923
The Treaty of Lausanne, settling the boundaries of modern Turkey, is signed in Switzerland by Greece, Bulgaria and other countries that fought in World War I.
9.9.1923
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of the Republic of Turkey, founds the Republican People's Party.
10.13.1923
Ankara replaces Istanbul as the capital of Turkey.
10.29.1923
Turkey becomes a republic following the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire.
1924
3.3.1924
The 1400-year-old Islamic caliphate is abolished when Caliph Abdul Mejid II of the Ottoman Empire is deposed. The last remnant of the old regime gives way to the reformed Turkey of Kemal Atatürk.
1925
1.30.1925
The Government of Turkey throws Patriarch Constantine VI out of Istanbul.
12.26.1925
Turkey adopts the Gregorian Calendar.
1927
1.1.1927
Turkey adopts the Gregorian calendar: December 18, 1926 (Julian), is immediately followed by January 1, 1927 (Gregorian).
4.23.1927
Turkey Türkiye becomes the first country to celebrate Children's Day as a national holiday.
1928
11.1.1928
The ''Law on the Adoption and Implementation of the Turkish Alphabet'', replacing the version of the Arabic alphabet previously used, comes into force in Turkey.
1936
7.20.1936
The Montreux Convention is signed in Switzerland, authorizing Turkey to fortify the Dardanelles and Bosphorus but guaranteeing free passage to ships of all nations in peacetime.
1939
12.27.1939
Erzincan, Turkey was hit by an earthquake.
1945
2.25.1945
World War II: Turkey declares war on Germany.
1947
5.22.1947
Cold War: in an effort to fight the spread of Communism, U.S. President Harry S. Truman signs an act into law that will later be called the Truman Doctrine. The act grants $400 million in military and economic aid to Turkey and Greece, each battling an internal Communist movement.
1953
3.18.1953
An earthquake hits western Turkey, killing 250.
1960
5.27.1960
In Turkey, a military coup removes President Celal Bayar and the rest of the democratic government from office.
1964
2.11.1964
Greeks and Turks begin fighting in Limassol, Cyprus.
1965
7.20.1965
Turkish prime minister Suat Hayri Urguplu returns from a visit to Moscow and announces the Soviet Union will provide aid to his country.
1966
12.7.1966
A fire at an army barracks in Erzurum, Turkey kills 68 people.
1970
10.15.1970
The domestic Soviet Aeroflot Flight 244 is hijacked and diverted to Turkey.
1974
7.20.1974
Turkish occupation of Cyprus: Forces from Turkey invade Cyprus after a "coup d' etat", organised by the dictator of Greece, against president Makarios. NATO's Council praises the United States and the United Kingdom for attempts to settle the dispute. Syria and Egypt put their militaries on alert.