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Papal bull
A Papal bull is a particular type of letters patent or charter issued by a Pope of the Catholic Church. It is named after the bulla that was appended to the end in order to authenticate it....
Timeline of Events
1054
7.16.1054
Three Roman legates break relations between Western and Eastern Christian Churches through the act of placing an invalidly-issued Papal Bull of Excommunication on the altar of Hagia Sophia during Saturday afternoon divine liturgy. Historians frequently describe the event as the start of the East-West Schism.
1252
5.15.1252
Pope Innocent IV issues the papal bull ''ad exstirpanda'', which authorizes, but also limits, the torture of heretics in the Medieval Inquisition.
1256
4.13.1256
The Grand Union of the Augustinian order formed when Pope Alexander IV issues a papal bull ''Licet ecclesiae catholicae''.
5.4.1256
The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV issues a papal bull ''Licet ecclesiae catholicae''.
1302
11.18.1302
Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull ''Unam sanctam'' (One Faith).
1343
1.27.1343
Pope Clement VI issues the Bull ''Unigenitus''.
1348
7.6.1348
Papal bull of Pope Clement VI protecting the Jews accused to have caused the Black Death.
1377
5.22.1377
Pope Gregory XI issues five papal bulls to denounce the doctrines of English theologian John Wycliffe.
1484
12.5.1484
Pope Innocent VIII issues the ''Summis desiderantes'', a papal bull that deputizes Heinrich Kramer and James Sprenger as inquisitors to root out alleged witchcraft in Germany and leads to one of the most oppressive witch hunts in European history.
1503
5.28.1503
James IV of Scotland and Margaret Tudor are married according to a Papal Bull by Pope Alexander VI. A Treaty of Everlasting Peace between Scotland and England signed on that occasion results in a peace that lasts ten years.
1514
1.14.1514
Pope Leo X issues a papal bull against slavery.
1520
12.10.1520
Martin Luther burns his copy of the papal bull ''Exsurge Domine'' outside Wittenberg's Elster Gate.
1521
1.3.1521
Pope Leo X excommunicates Martin Luther in the papal bull ''Decet Romanum Pontificem''.